~ Understanding
phone
The phone is a communication tool that is used to deliver voice messages (especially messages that form a conversation). Most phones operate using the transmission of electrical signals in the telephone network to enable phone users to communicate with other users.
The phone is a communication tool that is used to deliver voice messages (especially messages that form a conversation). Most phones operate using the transmission of electrical signals in the telephone network to enable phone users to communicate with other users.
~ The basic
principle of the telephone
When the receiver is lifted, a position called the phone off the hook. Then the circuit is divided into two paths where the positive part will serve as a tip that shows zero while in the negative will serve as a ring which shows the numbers-48V DC. Both of these pathways which will process the message from the sender to get to the receiver. In order to produce sound on the telephone, electrical signals transmitted over telephone lines which is then converted into signals that can be heard by the telephone receiver. For analog technology, transmitting analog signals transmitted from the central office (CO) will be converted to digital transmission. The numbers as phone numbers is a merger between the tones of certain frequencies and then called the Dual-tone multi-frequency DTMF and has units of Hertz. Primary relationships that exist in the circuit will be on the hook when it opened, and will appear vibration. The sound that appears in the recipient's phone indicating the phone is ready for use.
When the receiver is lifted, a position called the phone off the hook. Then the circuit is divided into two paths where the positive part will serve as a tip that shows zero while in the negative will serve as a ring which shows the numbers-48V DC. Both of these pathways which will process the message from the sender to get to the receiver. In order to produce sound on the telephone, electrical signals transmitted over telephone lines which is then converted into signals that can be heard by the telephone receiver. For analog technology, transmitting analog signals transmitted from the central office (CO) will be converted to digital transmission. The numbers as phone numbers is a merger between the tones of certain frequencies and then called the Dual-tone multi-frequency DTMF and has units of Hertz. Primary relationships that exist in the circuit will be on the hook when it opened, and will appear vibration. The sound that appears in the recipient's phone indicating the phone is ready for use.
~ History of
the telephone
~ The
development of earlys
• 1871, Antonio Meucci patented his invention called
the Sound Telegraph. His invention allows the communication in the form of sound
between two people using the intermediary cable.
• 1875, The Bell telecommunications companies obtain patents for inventing Meucci called Transmitters and Receivers for Electric Telegraphs. This system uses multiple vibration of steel to give pause to the circuit.
• 1876, the Bell company's patented Improvement in Telegraphy. This system provides a method for transmitting voice telegraph.
• 1877, Charles Williams of The Shop is the place where the telephone was first made with the supervision of Watson, who then became the department's research and development of the telecommunications company. Alexander Graham Bell continues to monitor the productivity of the company so that by the end of the year as many as three hundred phone can be used. Bell company also has patented electro-magnetic telephone using permanent magnets, iron diaphragms, and the ringing call.
• 1878, the board found a replacement manually allowing many telephone exchanges are connected via a channel. under the leadership of Theodore N. Vail, the Bell company has 10,000 phone that can be used.
• 1880, the first metallic circuits installed. This circuit is perbaharuan of one-wire circuit into a two-wire. Perbaharuan This helps reduce the interference that is often perceived by the use of one-wire line.
• 1891, telephone with dial number is first used. The phone will work automatically connects callers to an operator by pressing the dial on the basis of instructions.
• 1915, a phone with a wireless system was first used. This system allows phone users to interact across borders. ====
• 1875, The Bell telecommunications companies obtain patents for inventing Meucci called Transmitters and Receivers for Electric Telegraphs. This system uses multiple vibration of steel to give pause to the circuit.
• 1876, the Bell company's patented Improvement in Telegraphy. This system provides a method for transmitting voice telegraph.
• 1877, Charles Williams of The Shop is the place where the telephone was first made with the supervision of Watson, who then became the department's research and development of the telecommunications company. Alexander Graham Bell continues to monitor the productivity of the company so that by the end of the year as many as three hundred phone can be used. Bell company also has patented electro-magnetic telephone using permanent magnets, iron diaphragms, and the ringing call.
• 1878, the board found a replacement manually allowing many telephone exchanges are connected via a channel. under the leadership of Theodore N. Vail, the Bell company has 10,000 phone that can be used.
• 1880, the first metallic circuits installed. This circuit is perbaharuan of one-wire circuit into a two-wire. Perbaharuan This helps reduce the interference that is often perceived by the use of one-wire line.
• 1891, telephone with dial number is first used. The phone will work automatically connects callers to an operator by pressing the dial on the basis of instructions.
• 1915, a phone with a wireless system was first used. This system allows phone users to interact across borders. ====
~ Beginning the
phone as a commercial tool
• 1940, the mobile phone was first used commercially.
This innovation was previously used as a tool of war to aim the shot and
improve the quality of the radar. After the war, hundreds of calls placed using
this system. Microwave radio installed for long-distance relationship.
• 1959, the Princess phone was first introduced
• 1963, telephone with voice button launched
•1971,independent telecommunications company allowed to develop a communication system developed for the business. Millions of people have used the phone line.• 1983, Judge Harold Greene successfully outperformed the Bell companies that have previously been deprived of its monopoly.
• 1899, AT & T or The American Telephone and Telegraph Company has received assets and obtain patents from the American company Bell. AT & T was founded in 1885 as owner of the whole subsidy from the American Bell in charge of establishing and operating the long distance telephone network.
• 1913, amplifirers Elektric first practiced by AT & T. This system allows for inter-continental telephone call.
• 1927, AT & T started the project of cross-Atlantic telephone service in London using two radio channels. Yet the project is still far from ideal because many in the radio interference occurs, has a small capacity, and cost of an expensive phone. Then the project moved into a cross-Pacific in 1964.
• 1969, telephone users in the United States has reached 90%. AT & T telephone system into the best laboratories in the world.
• 1990, the growth of the computer which is then followed by the emergence of the internet makes sending messages shifting patterns of conversation into data delivery.
• 1959, the Princess phone was first introduced
• 1963, telephone with voice button launched
•1971,independent telecommunications company allowed to develop a communication system developed for the business. Millions of people have used the phone line.• 1983, Judge Harold Greene successfully outperformed the Bell companies that have previously been deprived of its monopoly.
• 1899, AT & T or The American Telephone and Telegraph Company has received assets and obtain patents from the American company Bell. AT & T was founded in 1885 as owner of the whole subsidy from the American Bell in charge of establishing and operating the long distance telephone network.
• 1913, amplifirers Elektric first practiced by AT & T. This system allows for inter-continental telephone call.
• 1927, AT & T started the project of cross-Atlantic telephone service in London using two radio channels. Yet the project is still far from ideal because many in the radio interference occurs, has a small capacity, and cost of an expensive phone. Then the project moved into a cross-Pacific in 1964.
• 1969, telephone users in the United States has reached 90%. AT & T telephone system into the best laboratories in the world.
• 1990, the growth of the computer which is then followed by the emergence of the internet makes sending messages shifting patterns of conversation into data delivery.
~ Digital Phone
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is based on the direct
relationship between the sender
to the receiver who
must use copper cable,
fiber optic, satellite,
fixed wireless, and mobile wireless
circuit. The use of such networks involves the
basic components of telephone,
network access, central office (CO), trunks and
special circuits, and customer premise equipment (CPE). Development of the
PSTN as a digital phone system has increased the capacity of their networks and kalitas making it
possible to use multiple channels
of communication in a medium of exchange.
~ IP Phone
Telephone IP (Internet Protocol) phone
is a new technology
that uses Internet protocols to operate. IP
phones can be used to move the
relationship to change
the sound, send a fax, video packages,
and other forms
of information delivery that has
been used in previous telephone system.
IP phones using an Internet connection
to transmit data. During its development, the IP phone service will work
with local telephone companies, long-distance providers like AT &
T, cabel TV
companies, Internet Service
Providers (ISPs), and wireless service operators. IP phones are an important part in the merger between
computers, telephones and televisions in a single communication environment. VoIP (Voice over IP)
is an organization to standardize the IP phone. VoIP is used as the
basis for a unified message (UM) and
unified communications (UC). Without VoIP, integration of various server
programs will be difficult.
Existing network at the IP is not the type who
is ready to face
the traffic LAN VoIP system should be
divided between VLANs with voice
mail and data.
~ New-generation
Networks
Next-generation networks (NGN) to change the approach
of "one network, one service" into the delivery of different services
over a single network. System based on internet protocol (IP), NGN networks are
built on the development of broadband, Voice over IP (VoIP), fixed-mobile
convergence and IP television (IPTV). This new generation network using a
number of technologies such as wireless and mobile, fiber and cable, or the
renewal of existing copper lines. Countries that have adopted this technology
is developed countries. Developing countries can adopt this NGN technologies
using wireless broadband access thus making the development of information and
communication technology (ICT) can eliminate the barriers to innovate and
invest. In the development of NGN technology, there are two technologies that
play a role in the network based on optical transmission, namely SDH and DWDM.
The ability to transmit bandwidth STM-64 SDH reach (10 Gbps), while in DWDM is
nx nx 2.5 Gbps or 10 Gbps (n is the number of wavelengths). The risk of the
magnitude of the capacity of these two technologies is a considerable loss of
information when a failure occurs in the transmission network. Protection
systems commonly used in the NGN is a protection device, link protection,
protection based on the topology, and optical channel protection (DWDM). In the
protection system, the signal from the canal path protection will be removed
and transferred to a working channel if the signal received from the sending
end of the line is working correctly. In link protection system, the physical
link used to be the subject of protection of processing. However, the
protection is used in the NGN is very dependent on the needs of the network
itself. The overall type of protection is no protection that meets all the
needs of NGN.
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